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Dr. Marc Kalinowski attended Medical School at the University of Giessen and trained in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology at the University of Tübingen from 1996–1998. Since 1998, he has been a Fellow in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology at the Philipps-University of Marburg. He received Board certification in Diagnostic Radiology in 2005. Dr. Kalinowski’s research focus is interventional radiology, in particular experimental research on restenosis following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. He has also carries out research on alternative contrast agents for computed tomography and angiography.
Sedation and pain management in interventional radiology

Marc Kalinowski and Hans-Joachim Wagner
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Philipps-University Hospital, Marburg, Germany

Address for correspondence:
Marc Kalinowski, MD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Philipps-University Hospital
Baldingerstrasse
35033 Marburg, Germany
Tel: +49-6421-286-6231 Fax: +49-6421-286-7066
Email: kalinows@med.uni-marburg.de

Abstract
Administration of sedation and analgesia in interventional radiology is often necessary during painful diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and must be safe and comfortable for the patient. Nonanaesthesiologists performing sedation should be fully trained in the pharmacology of these medications, the physiology of sedation and analgesia, the monitoring of patients, airway support, ventilatory care, early and appropriate management of complications, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Although these agents are generally safe, catastrophic complications related to their use can occur, often as a result of incorrect drug administration or inadequate patient monitoring. Good sedation practice involves pre-sedation assessment and optimal selection of patients, careful monitoring and
support from dedicated trained personnel in high-risk patients and adherence to recovery and discharge criteria.

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